Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) preserves the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) and is associated with improved cosmetic outcomes, body image, and patient satisfaction compared with more ablative techniques. Its use has expanded in both therapeutic and risk-reducing settings, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and early-stage invasive breast cancer, where the NAC is not clinically or radiologically involved. Multiple observational and cohort studies support the oncological safety of NSM in appropriately selected patients, provided meticulous surgical technique and pathological assessment are
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