This is a randomised controlled trial evaluating whether controlled air introduction into pleural space (air entrainment) during pleural effusion drainage reduces pain, improves patient satisfaction, and facilitates more effective drainage in patients with non-expandable lung (NEL). NEL lung is a common complication in patients with malignant or chronic pleural effusions, where the lung fails to fully re-expand after fluid removal due to pleural disease or fibrosis. In these patients, drainage often creates excessive negative pressure within the pleural cavity, leading to pain, vasovagal epis
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